- Anisotropy
- The dependence of a material's properties on direction. In FDM-printed CF composites the fibres orient along the print head's path, making the part stronger in XY than Z. PA6-CF anisotropy is 2.14× tensile XY/Z dry · higher than PA12-CF (1.48×).
- Annealing
- Controlled heat treatment after printing (100°C for 16 hours for PA6-CF) that relaxes residual stresses and increases crystallinity. Strongly recommended by the manufacturer · gains 10-20% tensile and HDT, with ~0.6-0.1% XY/Z shrinkage.
- Carbon-fibre content
- The percentage of chopped carbon fibre by weight in the filament. PA6-CF20 carries 20% · the highest CF loading of our nylon-CF range (vs PA12-CF10 at 10%, PA612-CF15 at 15%). Sits at the percolation edge for conductivity but is not consistently ESD-rated.
- Copolyamide
- A polymer chain incorporating two different polyamide repeat units. PA612 alternates short-chain PA6 segments and PA6 nylon backbones · averaging one amide group every ~9 carbons (vs every 6 in PA6, every 12 in PA12).
- Equilibrium water absorption
- The percentage moisture pickup at indefinite immersion / saturated humidity. PA6-CF: 2.2%. PA12-CF: 1.5%. PA6-GF: 3.33%. PA612 splits the difference between the parent polymers.
- FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling)
- Filament-extrusion 3D printing. Distinct from SLS/MJF (powder-bed) and SLA (resin). PA6-CF prints on FDM machines with a hardened nozzle at 250-300°C, no heated chamber.
- Hardened-steel nozzle
- A wear-resistant nozzle (alternatives: ruby-tip, tungsten-carbide) required when printing CF, GF, or other abrasive filaments. Brass nozzles are abraded out of tolerance in roughly 9 hours of PA6-CF printing.
- Heat deflection temperature (HDT)
- The temperature at which a loaded specimen deflects a standard amount under a defined load (ISO 75). HDT @ 0.45 MPa is the lower-load value (cosmetic service ceiling); HDT @ 1.8 MPa is the structural ceiling. PA6-CF: 215°C / 114°C.
- Layer bonding
- The polymer-to-polymer adhesion between successive printed layers. CF reinforcement does not bridge across layers · Z-axis strength relies on the matrix only, driving the 2.14× anisotropy.
- Polyamide 6 (PA6, nylon 6)
- The high-crystallinity workhorse engineering nylon · highest stiffness/strength of the nylon family, most moisture-sensitive. Widely injection-moulded in automotive and industrial parts; here reinforced with 20% carbon fibre.
- Tensile strength
- Stress at which a specimen yields or breaks in pure tension (ISO 527). Reported in MPa. PA6-CF dry: 115.3 MPa XY, 54.0 MPa Z. PA6-CF wet: 54.7 MPa XY, 25.5 MPa Z (~47% wet retention · dry-service only).
- UL94
- An Underwriters Laboratories standard for plastic flame retardancy. HB (horizontal burn) is the lowest rating; V-0, V-1, V-2 are vertical-burn ratings (more stringent). PA6-CF stocked grade: HB at 1.5mm.
- wet-strength retention
- The manufacturer publishes a 92% tensile strength retention figure after 1,000 hours UV exposure on the carbon-fibre PA612 grade. Test method and standard not specified in the TDS · we present this as the manufacturer's published claim rather than as an ISO-tested specification. The PA6 nylon backbone chemistry supports the directional claim regardless.