- HDT (Heat Deflection Temperature)
- The temperature at which a loaded specimen deflects a standard amount under a defined load (ISO 75). Two load levels typically reported: 0.45 MPa (cosmetic/light service) and 1.8 MPa (structural). For continuous service, stay below the 1.8 MPa value.
- Tg (Glass Transition Temperature)
- The temperature at which an amorphous polymer transitions from glassy/rigid to rubbery/soft. For amorphous polymers, Tg ≈ HDT. For semi-crystalline polymers, HDT can be significantly higher because crystalline regions carry load above Tg.
- Tm (Melting Temperature)
- The temperature at which crystalline regions of a semi-crystalline polymer melt to liquid. The hard upper bound for service. PPS Tm ≈ 280°C, PET Tm ≈ 240°C, PA12 Tm ≈ 180°C.
- Vicat softening temperature
- The temperature at which a standard needle penetrates a specimen under defined load (ISO 306). Related to but distinct from HDT. Useful for cross-comparing materials of different crystallinity.
- Continuous service temperature
- The long-term operational ceiling, typically 20-50°C below HDT. The number you actually use for design. Depends on load profile, duty cycle, and creep tolerance.
- Annealing
- Controlled post-print heat treatment that either raises crystallinity (phase change in PET, PLA, PA family) or relieves residual print stress (PPS · already crystalline as-printed). Anneal cycle varies by material · see individual material pages.
- Decomposition temperature
- The TGA-measured temperature at which the polymer begins thermal breakdown (typically the 5% mass-loss point). Above this, the polymer is destroyed, not softened. PPS-CF decomposition: 502.7°C · the highest in our range.